Notes and sources for “Middle East: A 1300 Year Struggle for Control of Resources”

With kind permission from J.W. Smith, a major part of Chapter 14 of The World's Wasted Wealth II (Institute for Economic Democracy, 1994) has been reproduced here. (See the beginning of this chapter if you have not read it.) Also, please note that I do not make any proceeds from the sale of this book in any way.

  1. George Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State (New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1969), p. 53; J.M. Roberts, The Triumph of the West (London: British Broadcasting Company, 1985), p. 67. Back to text
  2. Ralph V.D. Magoffin and Frederic Duncalf, Ancient and Medieval History (New York: Silver Burdett and Company, 1934), pp. 449, 673. See also Barnet Litvinoff, The Burning Bush (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1988), pp. 53-4, 74-5, 80-5, 199. Back to text
  3. J.M. Roberts, The Triumph of the West (London: British Broadcasting Company, 1985), p. 180. Back to text
  4. David Fromkin, A Peace to End all Peace (New York: Avon Books, 1989), p. 46. Back to text
  5. Jaques Benoist-Mechin, The End of The Ottoman Empire (ISBN 3-89434-008-8, no publisher or date noted), p. 104; see also, Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace, esp. pp. 46-48, 95. Back to text
  6. Benoist-Mechin, End of the Ottoman Empire, p. 104. Back to text
  7. Benoist-Mechin, End of the Ottoman Empire, p. 104. Back to text
  8. Benoist-Mechin, End of the Ottoman Empire, pp. 162-63. Back to text
  9. Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace, p. 66; Christopher Layne, "America's Stake in Soviet Stability," World Policy Journal (Winter 1990-91): esp. pp. 66-67; Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation (Boston: Beacon Press, 1957), p. 19. Back to text
  10. Polanyi, Great Transformation, p. 19. Back to text
  11. Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace, pp. 28-29; see also pp. 49, 66. Back to text
  12. Layne, "America's Stake in Soviet Stability," pp. 66-67. Back to text
  13. Feroz Ahmad, "Arab Nationalism, Radicalism, and the Specter of Neocolonialism," Monthly Review (Feb. 1991): pp. 30-31. Back to text
  14. Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace, pp. 509, 534. See also Noam Chomsky, "Oppose the War," Z Magazine (Feb. 1991): p. 62. Back to text
  15. Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace, esp. pp. 45, 49, 66, 74-75, 139, 192-95, 264, 286-88, 392, 401, 410, 493, 506, 512-14, 462, 562. See also Elie Kedourie, England and the Middle East (London: Bowes and Bowes, 1956). Back to text
  16. Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace, pp. 253, 257, 262, 389-402. Back to text
  17. Stephen Shalom, "Bullets, Gas, and the Bomb," Z Magazine (Feb., 1991): p. 12. Back to text
  18. Amir Taheri, Nest of Spies (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), chs. 1-3, esp. pp. 22, 32-40. Back to text
  19. Darrell Garwood, Under Cover: Thirty-Five Years of CIA Deception (New York: Grove Press, 1985), pp. 198-200; Blum, CIA, pp. 67-76. Back to text
  20. Garwood, Under Cover, p. 200; Stephen Rosskamm Shalom, Imperial Alibis (Boston: South End Press, 1993), p. 40. Back to text
  21. William D. Hartung, "Breaking The Arms-Sales Addiction," World Policy Journal (Winter 1990-91): p. 7. Back to text
  22. Jeremy Rifkin, Biosphere Politics (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1992), p. 125. Back to text
  23. David McReynolds, "The Words and the Will to Talk About Change," The Progressive (Mar. 28, 1991): p. 29. Back to text

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