Global IssuesGuantanamo Transfers Hint at Momentum Towards Closure
WASHINGTON, Dic 16 (IPS) - The U.S. government announced Monday it has repatriated two Saudi detainees held at the Guantanamo Bay prison, less than two weeks after two Algerian detainees were likewise sent back to their home country.
A female soldier observes first 20 captives at Guantanamo being processed on Jan. 11, 2002. Credit: public domain
Saad Muhammad Husayn Qahtani and Hamood Abdulla Hamood have reportedly been transferred from the military prison to Saudi Arabia, even as U.S. lawmakers debate legislation that supporters say would ease the Barack Obama administration's efforts to definitively close the detention centre.
"The U.S. has made real progress in responsibly transferring Guantanamo detainees despite the burdensome legislative restrictions that have impeded our efforts," Paul Lewis, the Pentagon's special envoy for Guantanamo's closure, said Monday.
After the announcement a little over a week ago that two other inmates, the Algerians Belkacem Bensayah and Djamel Ameziane, had likewise been repatriated, there are now 160 detainees left at the base, of which 80 have been cleared for release. Rights groups and experts alike here have welcomed the moves.
"Amnesty International USA welcomes the Obama administration's renewed commitment to closing the Guantanamo Bay detention facility and urges it to resolve all detentions in a manner fully compatible with human rights principles," Naureen Shah, advocacy advisor at Amnesty International USA, told IPS.
The debate here has primarily focused on the implications for U.S. national security and the Obama administration's longstanding promise to close the Guantanamo detention centre.
"I think it's great news that the Obama administration is taking action for those who have been cleared for transfer," Jennifer Daskal, an assistant professor of law at American University here and a former counsel at the U.S. Department of Justice, told IPS. "It's consistent with what he said he was going to do."
A legislative shift
During his 2008 presidential campaign, Obama famously vowed to close the military prison in order to improve the U.S. reputation abroad, a pledge he renewed earlier this year. That he still has not been able to do so has been attributed partially to his own timidity and partially to strong Congressional opposition.
However, recent weeks have seen an increasing momentum around the issue on Capitol Hill, where the National Defence Authorisation Act (NDAA), a major annual appropriations bill, was approved by a majority in the House of Representatives and is set for a vote this week in the Senate.
If passed, a provision within the NDAA would provide the executive branch with more discretion in granting transfers of detainees from the military prison, possibly facilitating the White House's commitment to Guantanamo's closure.
"The NDAA is a sign of a shift in the politics around Guantanamo, providing support for the administration to move the detainees that have been cleared out for transfer," Daskal says.
But while the NDAA may provide the president with substantial support for the prison's closure, primarily by barring detainees from being transferred to the United States, some experts warn that Obama will need to spend a lot of political capital to actually succeed.
"During the first two years of his administration, Obama's party controlled both the House and the Senate, and that was the best time to get this done," Charles Stimson, a former deputy assistant secretary of defence for detainee affairs under the administration of George W. Bush and currently manager of the National Security Law Programme at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank here, told IPS.
"Now, however, if you look at the vagaries of the election calendar, there are other issues, like and the economy. So, unless Obama spends real political capital on issue, it may not be politically possible."
At the same time, Stimson noted that the release of the Saudi and Algerian detainees may hint at a possible strategy the White House could consider if it truly wishes to close the prison by 2016.
"Another way the president could do this is by stepping up these transfers, which is also what did, and just keep sending these guys off the island," he said. "Knowing, however, that some of them will come back to activity – there is no such a thing as a risk-free transfer when it comes to Guantanamo."
Stimson also admits that Obama was handed a particularly complicated task in trying to close Guantanamo.
"I really think that the Obama administration has been doing a good job in evaluating the high risks posed by the detainees that are left at Guantanamo," he says. "By the time the current administration came to power, there were only those detainees we had decided not to transfer. And those were the toughest cases."
Yemen issue
One of the most significant problems faced by the Obama administration is the large percentage of Yemeni citizens currently held at Guantanamo. So far, the Yemeni government has been unable to provide the U.S. with guarantees that it will be able to control its ex-detainees.
Yet some warn that policymakers shouldn't overstate the obstacle posed by the Yemeni government.
"There have actually been some assessments pointing to the possibility of guaranteeing appropriate safeguards" in transferring detainees to Yemen," American University's Daskal says, "and the U.S. and Yemeni governments have been discussing the issue."
Still, she says, repatriating the Yemenis will be a critical part of closing the base, and notes that the Obama administration will ultimately do so only based on the "determination that it's in the nation's security interests and that the Yemeni government can in fact provide those assurances."
© Inter Press Service (2013) — All Rights ReservedOriginal source: Inter Press Service