MIDEAST: Life Without Water a Growing Threat

• by Eva Bartlett (gaza city)
• Thursday, December 08, 2011
• Inter Press Service

'Everything will be affected: drinking and washing water, sewage and sanitation, hospitals, schools and children,' says Ahmed al-Amrain, head of power information at the Palestinian Energy and National Resources Authority (PENRA).

The Israeli Electric Company provides 60 percent of the Strip's needs, paid by Palestinian customs taxes collected by the Israeli authorities.

Gaza buys 5 percent from Egypt and tries to generate the remaining 35 percent at Gaza's sole power plant, maimed by the 2006 Israeli bombing and destruction of its six transformers.

On Nov. 26, Israel's deputy foreign minister, Danny Ayalon, threatened to cut Israeli electricity, water and ties to Gaza's infrastructure serving the 1.6 million residents of the Gaza Strip.

'This is the true meaning of collective punishment,' says Jaber Wishah, deputy director for branches affairs at the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR). 'Children, women, elderly, patients, students, all are subject to this threat.'

Following the 2006 democratic elections which brought Hamas to power, Israel has imposed an increasingly severe siege on the Strip, depriving Palestinians of most essential and basic goods, including livestock, medicines, machinery and replacement parts, and the industrial diesel needed to run the power plant.

'Israel has been steadily cutting electricity and destroying infrastructure over the years, but this is the first time they have explicitly threatened to fully cut everything,' says Wishah. 'It is absurd to blackmail the population with their lives because of political issues.'

It is also illegal.

Wishah and Israeli rights group Gisha note that Israel continues to militarily occupy and control the Gaza Strip, despite the 2005 pullout of Israeli colonists and military bases from the Strip.

According to international law, Gisha says, Israel is responsible for the well-being of the Strip's population, including ensuring electricity, water and a functioning infrastructure.

Under its siege, Israeli has since 2007 limited the amount of fuel and industrial diesel allowed to enter Gaza, resulting in daily power outages throughout the Strip, ranging from 8 to 12 hours, and interrupting water, sanitation, health and education services.

'Palestinian electricity technicians have asked Israeli government to repair a main line recently damaged, as has the Israeli Electric company. But the Israeli government refuses to do so,' says Ahmed al-Amrain.

'The lack of electricity, he says, 'will oblige families to buy diesel for small generators indoors, which can lead to serious accidents and burns.'

More than 100 Palestinians died in 2009 and the first quarter of 2010, Oxfam reports, from generator- caused fires and carbon monoxide inhalation.

While generators allow some vital machinery to run during power outages, other services, like laundry, are not run on generators. 'There is not enough electricity,' says Amrain. 'They are for emergencies only and are made to run for short periods, not continuously. They are absolutely not an alternative solution for electricity in the Gaza Strip.'

'It will be a complete catastrophe if Israel cuts the electricity. Half of the population would not have access to water,' says Maher Najjar.

Currently 95 percent of the ground water is undrinkable according to WHO standards which reports that nitrates, believed to be carcinogenic, are over 330 mg/litre, far exceeding the 50 mg/l accepted levels.

'Since 2000 we have had plans to repair and expand water projects in Gaza, but until now only about seven of 100 projects have been completed,' says Najjar.

According to Najjar, just 10 percent of Gaza's 1.6 million residents get water every day. Another 40 percent get water every two days, 40 percent get water every three days, and 10 percent get water once every four days.

'Israel has drilled over 1,000 wells around the Gaza Strip for their own use. They cut the water flow before it even reaches Gaza,' says Najjar.

While the amount of water supplied by Mekorot, Israel's national water company, is just 5 percent, it is the threat of Israel cutting electricity and infrastructural needs that most haunts Gaza residents. 'Chlorine is vital for our water treatment. Without it, we cannot pump a drop off water,' says Najjar.

Already, for want of adequate electricity and treatment facilities, up to 80 million litres of partially and non-treated sewage is pumped into Gaza's sea daily.

In 2008, the WHO reported dangerous levels of faecal bacteria along a third of Gaza's coast. By 2010, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency reported that acute bloody diarrhoea and viral hepatitis remained the major causes of morbidity among refugees in the Strip.

'We need continuous electricity to pump waste-water from homes to sewage treatment plants,' says Najjar. 'Generators substitute during power cuts, but without the regular supply of electricity, waste will flood the streets.'

In August 2007, a sewage holding pool in Beit Lahiya overflowed, drowning five residents of the village nearby.

Hamas maintains that it would accept a Palestinian state within 1967 borders. These are borders which Israel has yet to define and continues to blur with expanding illegal Jewish settlements and occupation of Palestinian land.

'I think the Israelis are serious with their threat,' says Wishah, 'because they don't pay any attention to the international opinion, nor to international laws and conventions, like the Geneva Conventions, that they've signed, which forbid collective punishment. They feel they are above the law and beyond any legal pursuit.'

© Inter Press Service (2011) — All Rights ReservedOriginal source: Inter Press Service

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