Global IssuesWomen Make Progress in Politics, But Glass Ceiling Remains Unbreakable
UNITED NATIONS, Mar 10 (IPS) - Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, a creature of the U.N.'s 193 member states and who serves at their will and pleasure, did not hesitate to fault 13 countries that kept women out of their national parliaments and governments in power.
"There are five countries in the world where not a single woman is represented in Parliament," he complained before hundreds of women delegates gathered at the United Nations, "and there are eight countries in the world where not a single woman is a cabinet member."3
And then he went soft – refusing to name and shame them.
"I would not disclose the names here of those countries. I would strongly urge the leaders of those countries to change this unacceptable situation," he said, speaking Monday at the opening session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), the primary intergovernmental body mandated to promote gender empowerment.
But the Geneva-based Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), a global organisation of national parliaments, did not hesitate in singling out the 13 countries by name.
As of January 2015, the five countries without a single woman in their national parliaments include the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Qatar, Tonga and Vanuatu.
And the eight countries with no women in ministerial positions include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei, Hungary, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Tonga and Vanuatu.
According to IPU, all regions registered some increase in their share of women in parliament, the greatest strides being made in the Americas.
The countries that achieved the greatest progress, between 1995 and 2015, in their single or lower houses of parliament are Rwanda, Andorra and Bolivia.
In 1995, eight of the top 10 countries were European and five of those were Nordic, leading the IPU to create a separate category for this sub-region.
In 2015, IPU said, there is greater regional balance: four of the best performing countries are in Africa (Rwanda, Seychelles, Senegal and South Africa) and three are in the Americas (Bolivia, Cuba and Ecuador).
Only three states - - Sweden, Finland and Seychelles -- made the top 10 in both 1995 and 2015.
In a 20-year review of ‘Women in Parliament", IPU said over the last 20 years, countries around the world have made substantial progress towards a 30-percent goal set by the 1995 Beijing Women's Conference.
The global average of women in national parliaments has nearly doubled, from 11.3 percent in 1995 to 22.1 percent in 2015.
Still, "2014 saw little progress in the percentage of women in national parliaments worldwide, with the global average rising only by 0.3 points, begging the question: have we reached the glass ceiling?"
According to IPU, there are only 19 women heads of state (HS) and heads of government (HG) out of the 193 member states: Argentina (HS/HG), Bangladesh (HG), Brazil (HS/HG), Central African Republic (HS), Chile (HS/HG), Croatia (HS), Denmark (HG), Germany (HG), Jamaica (HG), Latvia (HG), Liberia (HS/HG), Lithuania (HS), Malta (HS), Norway (HG), Peru (HG), Poland (HG), Republic of Korea (HS), Switzerland (HS/HG) and Trinidad and Tobago (HG).
Yifat Susskind, executive director at MADRE, an international women's human rights organisation working with activists in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America and the Caribbean, told IPS it's time to move beyond pretty rhetoric.
"We must compel our political leaders to answer harder questions," she said.
Just how are they opening the political space for women to bring solutions to the table? How are they measuring progress for women? How are they implementing gender legislation, so that it moves from paper to practice? asked Susskind.
"To answer these questions, we can't gloss over hard realities, as he did when he refrained from naming countries falling short on women's political participation. To reach the goal of 50:50 by 2030, as the secretary-general stated, we need to shed light on what is working and what is not, learn those lessons quickly, and move to action," she declared.
The secretary-general told women delegates that empowered women and girls are the best drivers of growth, the best hope for reconciliation, and the best buffer against radicalisation of youth and the repetition of cycles of violence.
"There have been important advances since the Beijing Conference. More girls have attained more access to more education than ever before. Maternal mortality has been almost halved. More women are leading businesses, governments and global organisations," he said.
"At the same time, progress remains unacceptably , and our gains are not irreversible," he noted.
"We must build on the Beijing foundation and complete our work. I challenge all stakeholders to work together to achieve gender equality during the timeframe set by the new development agenda. Our goal must be 50:50 by 2030," Ban said calling for parity between men and women.
MADRE'S Susskind told IPS the global women's movement has succeeded in altering the terms of conversation.
"Now, world leaders are more ready to acknowledge that gender equality must be a priority. Some, like the secretary-general, are willing to say that women hold valuable solutions," she added.
Edited by Kitty Stapp
The writer can be contacted at [email protected]
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